Nanos conducted a representative online survey of 1015 Canadians, 18 years of age or older, between October 23rd and 28th, 2025. The sample is geographically stratified to be representative of Canada.

A margin of error cannot be calculated on a non-probability sample.  For comparison purposes, a probability sample of 1015 respondents would have a margin of error of ±3.1 percentage points, 19 times out of 20.

The research was commissioned by the Canadian Association of Physicians for the Environment and was conducted by Nanos Research.

The statistical tabulations including the unweighted and weighted number of interviews can be accessed here.

To read the full report, click here.